![]() Thomson experimenting with cathode ray tubes. The Cathode ray experiment was a result of English physicists named J. Thomson concluded that neon exists in two forms whose masses are different – i.e. he used a mass spectrometer – and observed two distinct deflections. Thomson made this discovery when his research student Francis Aston fired ionized neon through a magnetic and electric field – i.e. They were too small to have their mass or charge calculated directly, but he attempted to deduce this from how much the particles were bent by electrical currents, of varying strengths. He decided to try to work out the nature of the particles. Thomson, in full Sir Joseph John Thomson, (born December 18, 1856, Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, England-died August 30, 1940, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), English physicist who helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by his discovery of the electron (1897). Thomson discovered negatively charged particles by cathode ray tube experiment in the year 1897. Thomson was the first and one of the many scientists who proposed models for the structure of an atom. In addition, he also studied positively charged particles in neon gas. He demonstrated that cathode rays were negatively charged. Thomson discovered the electron by experimenting with a Crookes, or cathode ray, tube. Poynting in a four-volume textbook of physics, Properties of Matter and in 1895 he produced Elements of the Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, the 5th edition of which appeared in 1921. ![]() Thomson atomic model, earliest theoretical description of the inner structure of atoms, proposed about 1900 by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and strongly supported by Sir Joseph John Thomson, who had discovered (1897) the electron, a negatively charged part of every atom. This finding revolutionized the way scientists thought about the atom and had major ramifications for the field of physics. Thomson announced his discovery that atoms were made up of smaller components. On April 30, 1897, British physicist J.J. He was a good lecturer, encouraged his students, and devoted considerable attention to the wider problems of science teaching at university and secondary levels.24 Who split the first atom? What did Thomson discover? Even though he was clumsy with his hands, he had a genius for designing apparatus and diagnosing its problems. In 1884 he was named to the prestigious Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics at Cambridge, although he had personally done very little experimental work. He was then recommended to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became a mathematical physicist. Instead young Thomson attended Owens College, Manchester, which had an excellent science faculty. His father intended him to be an engineer, which in those days required an apprenticeship, but his family could not raise the necessary fee. Ironically, Thomson-great scientist and physics mentor-became a physicist by default. His assistant, Francis Aston, developed Thomson’s instrument further and with the improved version was able to discover isotopes-atoms of the same element with different atomic weights-in a large number of nonradioactive elements. ![]() Here his techniques led to the development of the mass spectrograph. Thomson’s last important experimental program focused on determining the nature of positively charged particles. His efforts to estimate the number of electrons in an atom from measurements of the scattering of light, X, beta, and gamma rays initiated the research trajectory along which his student Ernest Rutherford moved. In 1904 Thomson suggested a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter in which electrons are positioned by electrostatic forces. Structure of the Atom and Mass Spectrography
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